CSR-T cells

CSR-T cells (Chimeric Switch Receptor T cells) are an engineered adoptive T-cell therapy designed to circumvent tumor-mediated immunosuppression, particularly the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. These cells are modified to express a chimeric receptor that combines the extracellular domain of an inhibitory receptor (typically PD-1) with the intracellular signaling domain of a costimulatory molecule (typically CD28 or 4-1BB). In the context of recurrent glioblastoma, these cells target PD-L1 on the tumor surface; upon binding, the "switch" receptor converts the normally suppressive signal into a stimulatory one, promoting T-cell activation, proliferation, cytokine release (such as IFN-gamma and IL-6), and enhanced anti-tumor cytotoxicity. Clinical evaluation in Phase I trials has demonstrated that CSR-T cells can be safely administered via intravenous or intracranial routes, showing evidence of biological activity in the cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood without significant high-grade adverse effects.

Other names

Chimeric switch receptor T cellsPD-1/CD28 CSR-T cells