cyanidin-3-glucoside

Cyanidin-3-glucoside is a naturally occurring anthocyanin (a class of flavonoids and polyphenols) abundant in pigmented fruits and vegetables such as black rice, berries, and pigmented corn. As a glycoside of cyanidin, it is water-soluble and imparts vibrant purple and red coloration. Cyanidin-3-glucoside exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, and neuroprotective effects. Its mechanisms include scavenging free radicals, modulating inflammatory pathways (including COX-1 inhibition), improving endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability by activating endothelial nitric oxide synthase, regulating lipid metabolism via ATP-binding cassette transporter G1-mediated pathways, inhibiting CD38 enzyme activity, and interacting with the gut microbiota to generate bioactive phenolic metabolites. Oral and intravenous administration in preclinical models has shown reductions in amyloid-beta and tau pathology (relevant to neurodegenerative diseases), improved autophagic function, and improved synaptic plasticity. Limited bioavailability is a challenge, but encapsulation technologies are under development to improve systemic exposure. Not an approved pharmaceutical, cyanidin-3-glucoside is widely marketed as a dietary supplement and food additive for chronic disease prevention and body composition support[1][2][3][4][5][7][9][10][11].

Other names

cyanidin 3-glucoside chloridecyanidin3-glucoside chloridecyanidin-3-glucoside chloridechrysantheninglucocyanidinkuromanin chloride