cyclic-di-gmp

Cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is a naturally occurring cyclic dinucleotide that serves as a ubiquitous second messenger in bacteria and a potent modulator of the mammalian innate immune system. It acts as a direct ligand and agonist for the Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) receptor. Upon binding to STING, c-di-GMP triggers the TBK1-IRF3 signaling pathway, leading to the robust production of Type I interferons (IFN-α/β) and other pro-inflammatory cytokines. In the context of respiratory health, c-di-GMP has been shown to suppress Type 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) activity and eosinophilic lung inflammation while promoting Type 1 immune responses. Due to its ability to enhance both cellular and humoral immunity, it is extensively investigated as a vaccine adjuvant and an immunotherapeutic agent for oncology and infectious diseases.

Other names

3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acidcyclic diguanylatec-di-GMP