cyclophosphamide + epirubicin + gefitinib

This is a combination regimen of three anticancer drugs—cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and gefitinib—used primarily in the treatment of certain cancers such as breast cancer. Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent that interferes with DNA replication and RNA transcription, leading to cell death. Epirubicin is an anthracycline antibiotic that intercalates into DNA and inhibits topoisomerase II, resulting in cytotoxicity. Gefitinib is a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), blocking its phosphorylation and downstream signaling pathways involved in tumor cell proliferation and survival[1][4][6]. This combination has been studied as neoadjuvant or metastatic therapy for breast cancer, particularly in estrogen receptor-negative or triple-negative subtypes[1][6]. The addition of gefitinib aims to enhance antitumor activity by inhibiting EGFR-driven pathways often upregulated in resistant tumors.