cyclosporin A + infliximab + prednisone

This is a combination therapy consisting of three immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory agents: - **Cyclosporin A** is a calcineurin inhibitor that suppresses T-cell activation, primarily used to prevent organ rejection and treat autoimmune diseases. - **Infliximab** is a chimeric monoclonal antibody targeting tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), used in various inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. - **Prednisone** is a synthetic glucocorticoid corticosteroid with broad anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. The combination has been studied for use in refractory autoimmune diseases, particularly rheumatoid arthritis (RA) unresponsive to methotrexate, severe ulcerative colitis (UC) not responding to steroids, and other immune-mediated disorders. The rationale for combining these drugs lies in their complementary mechanisms of action on different aspects of the immune response. Clinical studies have shown improved outcomes in patients with refractory RA when treated with this regimen[1], as well as utility in controlling severe inflammatory bowel disease after renal transplant[2]. However, the risk of adverse effects may be increased due to combined immunosuppression.