cyclothiazide

Cyclothiazide is a benzothiadiazide (thiazide) diuretic and antihypertensive agent originally introduced in 1963 by Eli Lilly. It is indicated as adjunctive therapy for edema associated with congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, and corticosteroid or estrogen therapy. Cyclothiazide is also used in the management of hypertension either alone or to enhance the effectiveness of other antihypertensive drugs[1][2][7]. Its primary mechanism of action as a diuretic involves inhibition of the sodium-chloride symporter (SLC12A3) in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney, reducing sodium and chloride reabsorption and promoting water loss[1][5]. Beyond its renal effects, cyclothiazide acts as a positive allosteric modulator at AMPA-type glutamate receptors—potentiating glutamatergic transmission by inhibiting receptor desensitization—and as a negative allosteric modulator at GABA A receptors—potently inhibiting GABAergic currents[3][6][8]. It has also been identified as a non-competitive antagonist selective for metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1)[3].

Brand names

AnhydronAcquirelDoburilFluidilRenazideTensodiuralValmiran

Other names

cyclothiazide