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d-borneol
- Development stage
- Phase 3
- Modality
- Nucleic Acid-Directed Small Molecules → Small Molecules, Covalent Small Molecules → Small Molecules, Classical Binding Small Molecules → Small Molecules
- Administration
- Oral, Inhalation, Topical, Intranasal, Sublingual, Intravenous
01
Overview
D-Borneol is a naturally occurring bicyclic monoterpene and the dextrorotatory enantiomer of borneol. It is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine as an "orifice-opening" agent for resuscitative purposes and has been investigated for its ability to enhance drug delivery to the brain by transiently increasing blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability[1][2][8]. D-Borneol acts as a central nervous system modulator with neuroprotective effects, including reducing glutamate levels, activating GABAA receptors, and blocking necrosis and apoptosis in ischemic stroke models[6][8]. Its mechanism involves downregulation of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), modulation of neurotransmitter levels such as serotonin (5-HT), and regulation of tight junction proteins at the BBB[6][8]. D-Borneol is also used as a flavoring agent and component in essential oils. It has been studied primarily as an adjuvant to improve CNS drug bioavailability rather than as a primary therapeutic agent.
- Other names
- d-borneol(+)-borneol
02
Targets
GABRR (GABA-A receptor subunit rho)ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein)
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