dactinomycin

Dactinomycin is a cytotoxic antibiotic and antineoplastic agent derived from the bacterium Streptomyces parvulus. It belongs to the actinomycin group of compounds and is a cornerstone in pediatric oncology. Its primary mechanism of action involves intercalating into the DNA double helix between adjacent guanine-cytosine base pairs, which creates a stable complex that inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. This blockade prevents the transcription of RNA and subsequent protein synthesis, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In the context of the Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group (CCLG) Phase II trial, dactinomycin is utilized as part of a multi-agent chemotherapy regimen for the treatment of relapsed or refractory Wilms tumor and clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK). It is typically administered intravenously and is known for its potent activity against rapidly dividing malignant cells.

Brand names

Cosmegen

Other names

actinomycin Dmeractinomycin