degludec + technosphere insulin

Degludec + technosphere insulin is a combination regimen used for the management of diabetes mellitus, particularly type 1 diabetes. It consists of two components: - **Insulin degludec** is an ultra-long-acting basal insulin analog that provides steady background (basal) glucose control over approximately 24 hours. - **Technosphere insulin** (TI; marketed as Afrezza) is a rapid-acting inhaled formulation of recombinant human insulin adsorbed onto fumaryl diketopiperazine (FDKP) microparticles. This allows for pulmonary delivery and very rapid absorption, resulting in a faster onset and shorter duration of action compared to subcutaneous prandial insulins. The combination leverages the stable basal coverage from degludec with the fast postprandial glucose-lowering effect from inhaled TI. Clinical studies have shown that this regimen achieves glycemic control noninferior to standard care regimens using automated pumps or multiple daily injections, with some improvement in time-in-range and HbA1c for certain patient groups[1][2][4][5]. The main adverse effect associated with TI is mild cough; pulmonary function should be monitored due to rare but possible lung effects[6].

Brand names

Afrezza

Other names

TITechnosphere Insulininsulin degludec + technosphere insulin