diclofenac + atropine

Diclofenac + atropine is a combination of two active pharmaceutical ingredients: diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), and atropine, an antimuscarinic (anticholinergic) agent. Diclofenac acts primarily by inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2), leading to decreased synthesis of prostaglandins involved in pain and inflammation[1]. Atropine works as a competitive antagonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, reducing smooth muscle spasms and secretions[2]. The rationale for combining these agents is to provide both anti-inflammatory/analgesic effects from diclofenac and antispasmodic effects from atropine, which may be beneficial in conditions involving pain with smooth muscle spasm such as renal colic or certain types of abdominal pain. While fixed-dose combinations of NSAIDs with other antispasmodics are documented in clinical practice[7], there is limited published evidence specifically on the fixed-dose combination of diclofenac with atropine.