differentiation-inducing factor-1

Differentiation-inducing factor-1 (**DIF-1**) is a small molecule polyketide originally identified in the slime mold *Dictyostelium discoideum* as a morphogen that induces prestalk cell differentiation[3][5][6]. In mammalian cells, especially various cancer cell lines, DIF-1 is known to exert **anti-proliferative effects** by multiple mechanisms: it induces cell cycle arrest at G1, suppresses the expression of cyclin D1, inhibits phosphorylation and activity of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk4, Cdk6, Cdk2), reduces levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) via inhibition of translation, and downregulates activity of ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K/p85S6K)[1][2]. DIF-1 can also promote differentiation in vascular smooth muscle cells and upregulate specific smooth muscle markers[2]. In rodent models, intragastric administration of DIF-1 reduces tumor growth without noticeable adverse effects[1].

Other names

differentiation inducing factor 1DIF1DIF-1DIF 1Dictyostelium differentiation-inducing factor-1