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DOPE-PEDF-azobenzene-liposome (DPAL) is an experimental, non-invasive topical ocular drug delivery system designed to treat age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Developed as a high school research project, DPAL consists of liposomes loaded with pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), encapsulated with the fusogenic lipid dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), and embedded with the photoswitchable molecule azobenzene. The liposomes are further modified with kainate and glutamate ligands to target bipolar cells, and the GALA peptide to enhance fusogenic properties. Delivered via a microneedle-embedded contact lens, the system aims to slow retinal degeneration through the neurotrophic effects of PEDF while restoring lost vision using azobenzene as a photoswitchable substitute for lost photoreceptors.
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