DOTAP

DOTAP is a **synthetic cationic lipid**—specifically, 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane—used predominantly as a **liposomal transfection agent** for delivering DNA, RNA, and other negatively charged molecules to eukaryotic cells in vitro and in vivo[1][4][5][6][7][9]. DOTAP features a quaternary ammonium headgroup linked to two oleic acid tails via ester bonds, producing a permanent positive charge that interacts with nucleic acids and cell membranes[2][4][7]. DOTAP forms stable cationic liposomes or bicelles, efficiently encapsulating and protecting nucleic acids, enabling their uptake through electrostatic interactions and multiple cellular pathways, including clathrin- and caveolin-mediated endocytosis[9]. (R)-DOTAP and (S)-DOTAP are enantiomers with differing biological activities; (R)-DOTAP may produce stronger immunological responses, especially in cancer vaccine models[2]. Commonly used in gene therapy research, DOTAP is chemically available as different salt forms (chloride, methyl sulfate), and as liposomal formulations for transfection, functioning with high efficiency even in serum and suitable for gene knockdown, mRNA, siRNA, and plasmid delivery[3][6]. DOTAP’s primary use is research; it is not an approved pharmaceutical drug.

Brand names

DOTAP Transfection ReagentTRANSFASTTFX REAGENTS TRANSFECTION TRIO

Other names

1,2-Dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propaneDOTAP chlorideDOTAP methyl sulfateDOTAP MS1,2-Dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propaneN-[1-(2,3-Dioleoyloxy)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium methyl-sulfateMR86K0XRQPMR-86K0XRQPMR 86K0XRQP