doxorubicin + vincristine + fluorouracil

This regimen is a multi‑agent cytotoxic chemotherapy combination of the anthracycline doxorubicin, the vinca alkaloid vincristine, and the antimetabolite fluorouracil (5‑fluorouracil) used as part of combination protocols for various solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Doxorubicin intercalates into DNA and inhibits topoisomerase II, generating free radicals and causing DNA strand breaks; vincristine binds tubulin and inhibits microtubule polymerization, arresting cells in metaphase; and fluorouracil is a pyrimidine analog that is converted intracellularly to metabolites that inhibit thymidylate synthase and are incorporated into RNA and DNA, thereby blocking thymidine synthesis and nucleic acid function. These complementary mechanisms synergistically impair DNA replication and mitosis in rapidly dividing cancer cells and the three drugs are often combined with additional agents such as cisplatin or cyclophosphamide in specific disease‑directed protocols for advanced solid tumors and pediatric liver cancers.[1][2][7]