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E7449 (also known as 2X-121 or Stenoparib) is an orally bioavailable, brain penetrable small molecule that acts as a dual inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) 1/2 and tankyrase (PARP5a/5b, also known as TNKS1/2). By inhibiting PARP1/2, E7449 impairs DNA repair via the base excision repair pathway and traps PARP on damaged DNA, leading to increased cytotoxicity in tumor cells—especially those deficient in homologous recombination repair such as BRCA-mutant tumors. Inhibition of tankyrase by E7449 disrupts Wnt/β-catenin signaling through stabilization of axin and TNKS proteins, resulting in β-catenin destabilization and altered expression of Wnt target genes. This dual mechanism may broaden its therapeutic potential beyond traditional PARP inhibitors. Preclinical studies show that E7449 potentiates the activity of chemotherapeutic agents like carboplatin and paclitaxel. The combination is under early clinical investigation for advanced solid tumors[1][6][3][4].
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