echinacea purpurea extract

Echinacea purpurea extract is a botanical preparation derived from the aerial parts and roots of the Echinacea purpurea plant, commonly known as the purple coneflower. It is widely used as a dietary supplement for its **immunomodulatory**, **anti-inflammatory**, **antiviral**, and **antioxidant** properties, with primary indications including the prevention and treatment of upper respiratory tract infections such as the common cold and influenza[1][3][4][6][7]. Echinacea purpurea extract contains several classes of secondary metabolites, including alkamides, caffeic acid derivatives (notably cichoric acid), and polysaccharides, believed to contribute to its biological activity[1][4]. Its mechanism of action is attributed to activation of innate immune responses—stimulating phagocytosis, increasing the activity and mobility of macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells; it also upregulates cytokines such as IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α[1][4][6]. Alkamides may exert effects via binding to the cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2), mediating immunomodulation, and by inhibiting the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α[1][4]. Clinical trials support its immune-enhancing capability and generally favorable safety profile for short- to moderate-term use, although some rare adverse events have been reported[1][3][6].

Brand names

Echinaforce

Other names

Echinacea purpurea extractEchinacea extractPurple coneflower extractEPE