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EF2001 is a **heat-killed preparation of the probiotic bacterium Enterococcus faecalis**, used primarily as a dietary supplement and investigated for metabolic and gut health benefits. Mechanistically, EF2001 modulates lipid metabolism, decreasing lipid accumulation and hepatic steatosis in animal models by activating the **AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway** and promoting phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), while suppressing lipogenic transcription factors such as SREBP-1c and enzymes like fatty acid synthase (FAS) and HMG-CoA reductase. EF2001 also possesses **anti-inflammatory effects** in the gut, reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as iNOS, COX-2, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6) and mitigating symptoms in mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease. Trials are ongoing to assess its benefits in obese and overweight individuals for gut health and metabolic dysfunction[1][2][3][5].
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