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Efsubaglutide alfa is a novel long-acting recombinant fusion protein that acts as a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. It is engineered by fusing GLP-1 with the Fc fragment of human IgG2, which significantly extends its half-life to approximately 204 hours. This design allows for once-weekly or biweekly subcutaneous dosing. The drug enhances glycemic control in type 2 diabetes by stimulating insulin secretion, suppressing glucagon release, and slowing gastric emptying via activation of the GLP-1 receptor on pancreatic β-cells. Efsubaglutide alfa also demonstrates weight loss effects and potential cardiovascular benefits. It was first approved in China in January 2025 for adult type 2 diabetes and has shown efficacy in clinical trials for obesity and other metabolic disorders[2][6][10].
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