Ellagic acid

Ellagic acid is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound found in various fruits and vegetables such as pomegranates, strawberries, raspberries, cranberries, and walnuts. It is best known for its antioxidant and anti-proliferative properties. Ellagic acid has been studied as an investigational agent for several indications including follicular lymphoma (phase 2), protection from brain injury in intrauterine growth restricted babies (phase 1/2), improvement of cardiovascular function in obese adolescents (phase 2), and topical treatment of solar lentigines. Mechanistically, it acts by neutralizing free radicals to protect cells from oxidative stress; inhibiting chemical-induced carcinogenesis; down-regulating insulin-like growth factor II; activating tumor protein p53 / cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 expression leading to cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase and apoptosis; inducing detoxification enzymes such as NADPH quinone reductase; inhibiting certain cytochrome P450 enzymes to prevent activation of procarcinogens; suppressing angiogenesis via vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type II signaling inhibition; blocking phosphatidylinositol‑4,5‑bisphosphate 3‑kinase (PI3K) / AKT pathway activity; stimulating apoptosis through transforming growth factor beta / Smad family member 3 signaling axis; inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinase 6 involved in cell cycle regulation; binding Alpha-actinin–4 to induce its degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway thereby reducing cancer cell motility and invasion[2][4][6][8]. Despite promising preclinical data on anticancer effects against multiple tumor types (e.g., breast cancer), clinical evidence remains limited due to poor absorption and rapid elimination from the body[1].

Other names

3,4,3',4'-hydroxyl-benzopyranol[5,4,3-c,d,e][1]benzopyrn-6-6'-dioneacide ellagiqueácido elágico