epidoxorubicin + lonidamine + mitomycin C

This is a combination regimen consisting of three agents—epidoxorubicin (an anthracycline antibiotic, also known as epirubicin), lonidamine (a mitochondrial metabolism inhibitor), and mitomycin C (an alkylating agent/antitumor antibiotic). The combination is investigated for its potential synergistic antitumor effects, particularly in the treatment of various cancers. Epidoxorubicin acts by intercalating DNA and inhibiting topoisomerase II, leading to DNA damage and apoptosis. Mitomycin C functions as an alkylating agent that crosslinks DNA, thereby inhibiting DNA synthesis and function. Lonidamine disrupts energy metabolism in tumor cells by inhibiting glycolysis and mitochondrial function; it has been shown to enhance the cytotoxicity of other chemotherapeutic agents such as mitomycin C and epidoxorubicin when used in combination[2][6][7]. This multidrug approach aims to exploit different mechanisms of action for improved efficacy against cancer cells.