etanercept + niclosamide

Etanercept + niclosamide is a combination therapy consisting of etanercept, a biologic tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor, and niclosamide, an anthelmintic small molecule. Etanercept is a recombinant fusion protein that acts as a decoy receptor for TNF-alpha, thereby reducing inflammation in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Niclosamide is traditionally used to treat tapeworm infections but has been investigated as an adjuvant in inflammatory conditions due to its potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. In clinical studies, the addition of niclosamide to etanercept therapy in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis resulted in improved clinical assessment scores and reductions in certain inflammatory markers compared to etanercept alone[1][2]. The combination aims to enhance disease control for patients who have inadequate response to etanercept monotherapy.