ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate

Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (also known as ethyl protocatechuate or EDHB) is a small molecule, competitive pan-prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitor and collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylase inhibitor. It acts as an analog of the co-substrate 2-oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate), thereby stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) by preventing its prolyl hydroxylation and subsequent ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. EDHB is a naturally occurring phenolic antioxidant found in peanut seed testa, olives, and red wine. It has been widely investigated in preclinical research for its cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anti-fibrotic, and anti-tumor properties, particularly in models of breast cancer metastasis, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and hypobaric hypoxia-induced cerebral edema.

Other names

3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid ethyl esterEDHBethyl protocatechuateethyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzoateprotocatechuic acid ethyl ester