ethyl gallate

Ethyl gallate is a small molecule polyphenolic compound that is the ethyl ester of gallic acid. It is used primarily as an **antioxidant food additive (E313)**, but is also studied for apoptosis induction, anti-proliferative, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing properties. It is naturally found in several plants and foods, including Terminalia chebula, walnuts, wine, and guava. In cell and animal studies, ethyl gallate shows anti-cancer effects, such as reducing the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells through modulation of pathways including inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9), suppression of the PI3K/Akt pathway, and downregulation of NF-κB. It also demonstrates wound healing effects via topical application and neuroprotective activity related to HIF-1α/EPO/VEGFA pathway modulation. Its therapeutic use in humans is not established; most evidence is preclinical[1][2][3][6][7].

Other names

ethyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoatebenzoic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxy-, ethyl estergallic acid ethyl esterProgallin ANipagallin APhyllemblin