FC12-531A

FC12-531A is a small molecule inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9 or CAIX), developed as a more potent analog of the clinical-stage inhibitor SLC-0111. It was designed by researchers at the University of Florence and Indiana University to target the hypoxic microenvironment of tumors, particularly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). By inhibiting CAIX, FC12-531A disrupts intracellular pH regulation in hypoxic cancer cells, leading to increased acidification and cytotoxicity. In preclinical studies, it has shown significantly higher potency (up to 75-fold) than SLC-0111 and has been evaluated in combination with APE1/Ref-1 redox signaling inhibitors to synergistically inhibit tumor growth.