fenoterol + theophylline

Fenoterol + theophylline is a combination of two bronchodilator drugs used primarily in the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Fenoterol is a short-acting beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist that induces bronchodilation by relaxing bronchial smooth muscle through stimulation of beta-2 receptors, leading to increased airflow in the lungs. Theophylline is a xanthine derivative that acts as a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, resulting in increased intracellular cyclic AMP and subsequent smooth muscle relaxation; it also antagonizes adenosine receptors and has anti-inflammatory effects. When combined, these agents can produce additive improvements in lung function (e.g., FEV1), but may also increase the risk of side effects such as tachycardia, tremor, or CNS stimulation. This combination has been studied for its efficacy in acute asthma attacks and maintenance therapy for obstructive airway diseases[1][6].