Fipexide

Fipexide is a small molecule that was formerly marketed as a nootropic drug, intended to improve cognitive functions by potentially modulating dopaminergic neurotransmission. However, its pharmaceutical use was discontinued due to severe adverse effects, including fulminant hepatic failure and drug fever. More recently, fipexide has been identified as a novel chemical inducer in plant biotechnology, promoting callus formation and shoot regeneration in various plant species through mechanisms distinct from traditional plant hormones like auxin and cytokinin. It has also been predicted as a potential drug candidate to overcome melphalan-induced vascular toxicity.