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FKBP51s siRNA is a small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapeutic candidate designed to target and silence the short isoform of the molecular chaperone FKBP5, known as FKBP51s. Research conducted at the University of Naples Federico II has identified FKBP51s as a critical regulator of PD-L1 maturation in glioblastoma and melanoma cells. Specifically, FKBP51s interacts with naïve PD-L1 in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to catalyze its folding, a necessary step for subsequent N-glycosylation in the Golgi apparatus. By silencing FKBP51s, this siRNA reduces the levels of mature, glycosylated PD-L1, which is the form responsible for binding to PD-1 and inducing immune tolerance. This mechanism is particularly relevant in the context of ionizing radiation (IR), which typically upregulates PD-L1; FKBP51s siRNA has been shown to counteract this IR-induced upregulation, potentially improving the outcomes of radiotherapy and overcoming tumor resistance.
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