fraxinellone

Fraxinellone is a natural degraded limonoid compound primarily isolated from the root bark of the Dictamnus dasycarpus plant[2][4][5][6][8]. It is not a pharmaceutical drug but has been extensively studied for its pharmacological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, neuroprotective, vasorelaxing, and insecticidal effects[1][3][4][6][7][8]. Mechanistically, fraxinellone exerts diverse biological effects: - It blocks voltage-dependent calcium channels, thereby reducing neuronal calcium influx and exerting neuroprotective action[1][3]. - It inhibits the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway, interfering with fibrosis development in the liver, kidney, and intestines, as well as antagonizing the HSP47-collagen interaction relevant to fibrotic processes[1]. - Fraxinellone can downregulate the expression of PD-L1 in cancer cells by impacting the STAT3 and HIF-1α signaling pathways, leading to decreased proliferation, angiogenesis, and tumor growth[6]. - It may also modulate inflammation by reducing cytokine levels (such as TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-1β)[1] and foster anti-fibrotic and anti-tumor immune environments[4][6][7]. - Fraxinellone and certain analogs activate the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway, enhancing the antioxidant capacity of cells[3][10]. It is mainly available as a chemical for research purposes and has not been developed or approved as a pharmaceutical product[5][8].

Other names

fraxinellone28808-62-0