fruquintinib + cadonilimab

Fruquintinib + cadonilimab is an investigational combination therapy consisting of fruquintinib, a highly selective oral small-molecule inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR-1, -2, and -3), and cadonilimab, a bispecific monoclonal antibody targeting both programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). Fruquintinib inhibits tumor angiogenesis by blocking VEGF-mediated signaling pathways essential for new blood vessel formation in tumors. Cadonilimab enhances antitumor immune responses by simultaneously inhibiting PD-1 and CTLA-4 immune checkpoints. The combination aims to provide synergistic antitumor effects through dual mechanisms—antiangiogenic activity from fruquintinib and immune checkpoint blockade from cadonilimab. This regimen is being studied primarily in advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer as well as advanced gastric/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma[1][2][3][5].