fumaria parviflora

*Fumaria parviflora* (Fine-leaved fumitory) is a medicinal herb in the family Fumariaceae that has been extensively utilized in Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) and other traditional systems. It is characterized by a rich profile of bioactive secondary metabolites, most notably isoquinoline alkaloids such as sanguinarine, protopine, and fumaric acid. The plant exhibits multifaceted pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and bronchodilatory effects. Clinical research has investigated its efficacy in treating uremic pruritus in patients with end-stage renal disease and managing hot flashes in breast cancer survivors. Its mechanism of action involves the modulation of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ), the blockade of muscarinic receptors, and the inhibition of calcium influx into smooth muscle cells. Additionally, it has demonstrated potential in treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), male infertility related to varicocele, and various parasitic infections such as leishmaniasis and gastrointestinal helminthiasis.

Other names

Fine-leaved fumitoryFumitoryShahtara