furosemide + aminophylline

Furosemide + aminophylline is a combination of two small molecule drugs used primarily to enhance diuresis in patients with fluid overload, particularly in critical care settings. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, leading to increased excretion of water, sodium, and other electrolytes. Aminophylline is an ethylenediamine salt of theophylline (a methylxanthine), which acts as a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor and adenosine receptor antagonist; it promotes diuresis by increasing renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate through vasodilation and by antagonizing adenosine-mediated renal tubular effects. The combination has been shown in clinical studies to increase urine output more effectively than furosemide alone, especially in cases where resistance to loop diuretics occurs[1][3][4][5]. This regimen has been investigated for use in both pediatric and adult critically ill populations at risk for or experiencing acute kidney injury or severe fluid overload.