gallium protoporphyrin

Gallium protoporphyrin (GaPP) is a small molecule heme analogue that functions as an antimicrobial and antibiofilm agent by disrupting bacterial iron metabolism. It mimics the structure of heme, allowing it to be internalized by bacteria through heme-acquisition pathways. Unlike iron, the gallium ion in GaPP cannot undergo redox cycling, thereby inhibiting essential bacterial enzymes and metabolic processes. It is primarily investigated for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis, particularly in recalcitrant cases involving bacterial biofilms. Research led by the University of Adelaide has focused on its delivery via a chitosan-dextran hydrogel (Chitogel), often in combination with the iron chelator deferiprone to maximize bacterial uptake and efficacy.

Other names

gallium-protoporphyrin IXgallium(III) protoporphyrin IX