gallocatechin

Gallocatechin is a dietary flavanol (flavan-3-ol) found in green tea and other plant sources. Recent research has identified it as a key metabolite whose deficiency is linked to mesalazine resistance in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Gallocatechin acts as an immunomodulator by suppressing the differentiation of pro-inflammatory Th17 cells. Its mechanism involves the activation of the β-catenin/TCF1 signaling pathway, which leads to the upregulation of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 (SOCS3). This upregulation subsequently inhibits the JAK2/STAT3 signaling cascade and downregulates the expression of the Th17 master transcription factor, RORγt. Preclinical studies in mouse models of colitis have demonstrated that gallocatechin supplementation can reduce colonic inflammation and work synergistically with mesalazine to improve clinical and histological outcomes.

Other names

gallocatechol(2R,3S)-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol