gamma-aminobutyric acid

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid that serves as the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mature mammalian central nervous system. It is synthesized primarily from glutamate via the enzyme glutamate decarboxylase, with pyridoxal phosphate as a cofactor. GABA acts at inhibitory synapses by binding to specific transmembrane receptors on neurons, leading to the opening of ion channels and resulting in hyperpolarization of neuronal membranes. This action reduces neuronal excitability and regulates muscle tone. There are three main classes of GABA receptors: GABAA and GABAC (ionotropic), which are ligand-gated ion channels, and GABAB (metabotropic), which is a G protein-coupled receptor[2][3][5]. While it is an amino acid, it is not incorporated into proteins nor classified among standard dietary amino acids[8]. Exogenous administration of GABA has been explored for effects such as improving sleep quality and reducing blood pressure; however, its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier remains under investigation[2][8].

Brand names

PharmaGABA

Other names

4-Aminobutanoic acidγ-Aminobutyric acidgamma-amino-n-butyric acidaminobutyric acidGammalone