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GDF15 recombinant protein is a laboratory-produced version of the Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) protein, a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily. In the context of reproductive medicine, GDF15 is primarily expressed in the placenta and plays a critical role in the establishment of the maternal-fetal interface. Research presented at ESHRE 2026 indicates that GDF15 promotes the invasion and migration of extravillous trophoblast cells (EVTs) by activating the TGF-β signaling pathway, specifically through the phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD3. Clinical observations show that low serum levels of GDF15 are associated with early pregnancy loss. In preclinical mouse models of early miscarriage, supplementation with recombinant GDF15 protein has been shown to rescue embryo loss induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS), suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for the treatment of recurrent pregnancy loss.
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