gdf5

GDF5 (growth differentiation factor 5) is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family and the TGF-beta superfamily, encoded by the human GDF5 gene. It functions as a **cytokine** critical for cartilage and bone formation, joint development, and neuronal growth. As a dimeric protein, it binds with high affinity to type I and type II BMP receptors—most specifically BMPR1B and BMPR2—activating the SMAD signaling pathway and promoting downstream transcriptional responses. GDF5 selectively regulates neuronal dendrite growth via SMAD-dependent upregulation of transcription factors such as HES5. It is expressed physiologically in skeletal tissues and the developing central nervous system, increasing survival of dopamine-responsive neurons, and is being studied for therapeutic use in conditions like intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), osteoarthritis (OA), Parkinson's disease, and bone/cartilage regeneration. Mutations in GDF5 are linked to skeletal dysplasias and joint disorders[1][2][3][5][6][7][8].

Other names

growth differentiation factor 5GDF-5GDF5GDF 5CDMP1CDMP-1CDMP 1BMP-14BMP14BMP 14