geniposide

Geniposide is a bioactive iridoid glycoside primarily extracted from the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides. It is considered the glycosylated form of genipin and is a major active component responsible for many pharmacological effects attributed to traditional herbal medicines containing gardenia. Geniposide exhibits diverse biological activities, including neuroprotective, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidepressant-like, cardioprotective, antioxidant, immune-regulatory, antithrombotic and antitumoral effects[1][3][4]. Mechanistically, it acts as an agonist at the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), which underlies its neuroprotective and metabolic benefits such as enhanced insulin secretion and β-cell protection[1][3][4]. It also modulates inflammatory pathways (e.g., NF-kB/MAPK/TLR4) and may regulate mTOR signaling to promote autophagy in neurodegenerative disease models[6]. Geniposide has been studied for potential therapeutic roles in diabetes mellitus (improving glucose utilization/insulin production), liver diseases (hepatoprotection), cardiovascular diseases (cardioprotection), Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease (neuroprotection)[3][6].

Other names

geniposidicGenipin 1-glucosideGenipin1-glucosideGenipin-1-glucosideJasminoidin