ginsenoside re

Ginsenoside Re is a naturally occurring panaxatriol saponin and one of the major pharmacologically active constituents of Panax species (ginseng), especially Panax ginseng. It is classified as a triterpene glycoside (saponin) and is found in high concentrations in the fruit pulp and other parts of the plant. Ginsenoside Re exhibits diverse biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, angiogenic, and antidiabetic effects. Mechanistically, it acts by inhibiting key inflammatory signaling pathways such as JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), suppressing pro-inflammatory mediators in microglia and other cell types. It also modulates Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CAMK2/4), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mitochondrial function/protection pathways including prevention of mitochondrial membrane potential loss and cytochrome c release. Ginsenoside Re has been studied for its potential therapeutic roles in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease due to its ability to reduce β-amyloid-induced toxicity; it also shows promise for cardiovascular protection and metabolic regulation in diabetes models. However, clinical studies indicate low oral bioavailability in humans[1][2][4][5][9].

Other names

panaxatriol saponin reg-reginsenoside b2