ginsenoside rg1

Ginsenoside Rg1 is a major bioactive compound classified as a triterpene saponin and steroid glycoside found predominantly in the roots of Panax species such as Panax ginseng (Korean/Chinese Ginseng), Panax notoginseng, and Panax vietnamensis. It is one of the principal active components responsible for many of the pharmacological effects attributed to ginseng. Ginsenoside Rg1 exhibits diverse biological activities including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-aging, immunomodulatory, cardioprotective, pro-angiogenic, anticancer, antithrombotic and anti-allergic effects. Mechanistically, it acts as a partial agonist at glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and also demonstrates estrogen-like activity by interacting with estrogen receptor; it can cross-talk with insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor in neuronal cells. In preclinical models it improves cognitive function and spatial learning—especially relevant to Alzheimer’s disease—by reducing oxidative stress (e.g., increasing glutathione peroxidase), suppressing neuroinflammation (reducing TNF-α/IL-6/IL-1β), enhancing synaptic plasticity markers like synaptophysin in the hippocampus and promoting neurogenesis. Additional mechanisms include inhibition of JAK2/STAT5 signaling in leukemia cells leading to apoptosis induction via upregulation of Bax/caspase 3 and downregulation of Bcl-2; inhibition of platelet aggregation; reduction in hepatic fibrosis through suppression of inflammation; modulation of immune responses; protection against cardiac hypertrophy via HIF-1α/VEGF upregulation; reduction in allergic responses by lowering histamine/IgE levels. Ginsenoside Rg1 is marketed primarily as part of Korean Red Ginseng products used traditionally for cognitive enhancement and general health[2][4][5][6][8].

Brand names

korean red ginseng

Other names

rg1rg-1rg 1panaxoside r1(20s)-ginsenoside rg1