ginsenoside Rh1

Ginsenoside Rh1 is a natural triterpenoid saponin and one of the major active constituents extracted from red ginseng (Panax ginseng). It belongs to the dammarane-type tetracyclic triterpenoids and is structurally characterized as a beta-D-glucoside of protopanaxadiol. Mechanistically, Rh1 demonstrates anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, estrogenic, neuroprotective, and cytoprotective properties primarily in vitro and in animal models. It acts through multiple targets, including modulation of inflammatory signaling, antioxidant pathways, and mitochondrial autophagy mechanisms. Rh1 has also shown positive effects on nervous system function and may support cognitive enhancement and neuroprotection through increased cell survival and upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in animal models. Its cytotoxicity is variable and cell-type dependent. There is currently no approved human pharmaceutical indication for ginsenoside Rh1; clinical evidence is lacking, and further investigation, particularly human trials, is recommended[1][4][7][13][15].

Other names

ginsenoside Rh1(20S)-ginsenoside Rh1Sanchinoside B2Prosapogenin A2(S)-ginsenoside Rh1Sanchinoside rh1