gintonin

**Gintonin** is a glycolipoprotein fraction isolated from *Panax ginseng*, characterized primarily as a complex of lysophosphatidic acids (LPA) bound to ginseng proteins such as ginseng major latex-like protein 151 (GLP151) and ginseng ribonuclease-like storage protein[7][1][4]. Its main biological action is acting as an exogenous ligand for G protein-coupled LPA receptors, inducing intracellular calcium transients through LPA receptor activation[7][5]. Gintonin exhibits affinity towards all six LPA receptor subtypes with varying efficacy and acts as an agonist. In preclinical models, gintonin demonstrates neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, mediated via LPA receptor signaling pathways as well as through activation of Nrf2 and modulation of the MAPK and NF-κB pathways[1][2][4]. It is being investigated for potential therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's), epilepsy, and cognitive impairment, with limited small-scale human clinical evidence for cognitive improvement in early dementia[2][1][6]. Gintonin is administered orally in both animal and human studies[2][6].

Other names

gintonin-enriched fraction