glucagon + insulin + octreotide

This is a combination of three peptide hormones—glucagon, insulin, and octreotide—used together for specific clinical scenarios. - **Glucagon** is a peptide hormone produced by the pancreas that raises blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogen breakdown in the liver. It acts as an agonist at the glucagon receptor. - **Insulin** is a peptide hormone also produced by the pancreas that lowers blood glucose levels by promoting cellular uptake of glucose and inhibiting hepatic glucose production. It acts as an agonist at the insulin receptor. - **Octreotide** is a synthetic somatostatin analog that inhibits secretion of several hormones including growth hormone, glucagon, and insulin. Octreotide binds predominantly to somatostatin receptors SSTR2 and SSTR5, acting as an agonist at these sites[1][2][5]. The combination may be used in complex cases such as refractory hypoglycemia (e.g., due to sulfonylurea overdose or congenital hyperinsulinism), where modulation of multiple hormonal pathways affecting glucose homeostasis is required[1][8].