glucagon + insulin + somatostatin

This is a combination of three endogenous peptide hormones—glucagon, insulin, and somatostatin—each with distinct but interrelated roles in glucose homeostasis. - **Insulin** is secreted by pancreatic β-cells and lowers blood glucose by promoting cellular uptake of glucose and inhibiting hepatic glucose production. - **Glucagon** is secreted by pancreatic α-cells and raises blood glucose by stimulating hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. - **Somatostatin**, produced mainly in pancreatic δ-cells, inhibits the secretion of both insulin and glucagon as well as other gastrointestinal hormones[2][5][6]. It acts via G protein-coupled somatostatin receptors to exert its inhibitory effects[2]. The interplay among these hormones tightly regulates carbohydrate metabolism; their combined administration or modulation has been studied experimentally for managing severe dysglycemia (e.g., diabetic ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia unawareness) but is not an established pharmaceutical product or approved fixed-dose combination therapy[9][6]. Somatostatin analogs are used clinically for neuroendocrine tumors, acromegaly, and certain GI disorders[1], while research into modulating all three hormones continues for diabetes management.