glyceollin

**Glyceollin** refers to a group of prenylated pterocarpan phytoalexins, primarily found in soybeans as a defense response to fungal infection or stress. The glyceollin family includes glyceollin I, II, and III, with glyceollin I being the most studied. These compounds are biosynthesized from daidzein and exhibit a range of bioactivities, especially **antiestrogenic, antiproliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer** effects. Glyceollins, particularly glyceollin I, inhibit estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) by acting as antagonists (notably more potent for ERα than ERβ), and can block hormone-dependent cancer cell growth. In addition, glyceollins inhibit the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor kinase activity, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1) target gene expression, and the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. They may also affect cell cycle regulation in vascular smooth muscle, and show metabolic and cardiovascular benefits in preclinical models[1][7][11].

Other names

glyceollinglyceollin I(-)-glyceollin I(+)-glyceollin I(6aS,11aS)-2,2-Dimethyl-2H,6H-benzofuro[3,2-c]pyrano[2,3-h][1]benzopyran-6a,9(11aH)-diol2H,6H-Benzofuro[3,2-c]pyrano[2,3-h][1]benzopyran-6a,9(11aH)-diol, 2,2-dimethyl-(6aS,11aS)