Glycolic acid

Glycolic acid is a naturally occurring alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) derived primarily from sugarcane, though it can also be found in other fruits and synthesized industrially[1][8]. It is widely used in topical skincare products for its exfoliating properties. Glycolic acid works by weakening the bonds between dead skin cells in the outermost layer of the skin, promoting their removal and revealing fresher skin underneath[3][5]. This process helps improve skin texture, reduce signs of aging such as wrinkles and sun damage, treat acne and acne scars, lighten dark spots (melasma), and address hyperpigmentation[1][3][5]. Mechanistically, glycolic acid acts as a keratolytic agent with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects; it may also stimulate collagen production by increasing hyaluronic acid levels in the outer layers of the skin[3][6]. Its small molecular size allows for deep penetration into the epidermis. Glycolic acid is not considered a pharmaceutical drug but rather an active ingredient in cosmetic formulations.

Brand names

GlyDerm

Other names

Hydroxyacetic acid