glycyrrhetinic acid

Glycyrrhetinic acid, also known as enoxolone, is a pentacyclic triterpenoid derivative primarily obtained from the hydrolysis of glycyrrhizic (glycyrrhizinic) acid found in licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra)[1][4]. It exhibits a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitumor, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, nephroprotective, and neuroprotective effects[3][6]. Glycyrrhetinic acid acts by inhibiting enzymes such as 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase and delta-13-prostaglandin reductase—leading to increased prostaglandins in the digestive system—and by inhibiting 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in the kidney. This latter action increases local cortisol levels and can result in mineralocorticoid-like effects such as sodium retention and hypertension[4]. Glycyrrhetinic acid has been used therapeutically for peptic ulcers and chronic hepatitis (especially in Japan and China), premenstrual syndrome symptoms, viral infections, hyperglycemia management, skin conditions like psoriasis or eczema (topical use), among other indications[1][3][5].

Brand names

ArthrodontBiosoneEnoxolone

Other names

glycyrrhetic acid