glypromate

Glypromate is a synthetic tripeptide (glycyl-L-prolyl-L-glutamate, GPE) derived from the N-terminal sequence of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF‑1). It is a small-molecule neuroprotectant developed primarily by Neuren Pharmaceuticals for the prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment following major cardiac surgery and for other acute and chronic neurological conditions. Glypromate acts as a neuroprotective agent, inhibiting caspase III-dependent apoptosis, modulating calcium signaling, and affecting glycogen synthase kinase 3β pathways. Unlike IGF‑1, it does not bind to the IGF‑1 receptor but may interact with NMDA receptors at low affinity. Despite promising preclinical results in models of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's disease, and acute brain injury models, clinical development was discontinued after Phase 3 trials failed to demonstrate efficacy in reducing cognitive decline post-cardiac surgery[1][2][4][5][7].

Brand names

Glypromate

Other names

Gly-Pro-Gluglycyl-prolyl-glutamic acidglycine-proline-glutamateH-Gly-Pro-Glu-OH(1–3)-human insulin-like growth factor I