gramicidin A

Gramicidin A is a linear pentadecapeptide antibiotic originally derived from the soil bacterium *Bacillus brevis*. It is a well-characterized channel-forming ionophore that functions by inserting into lipid bilayers to form a dimeric nanopore. This pore selectively permits the rapid passage of monovalent cations, such as potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+), across the plasma membrane. The resulting disruption of transmembrane ion gradients leads to cellular energy depletion, loss of membrane potential, and subsequent cell death. While traditionally used as a topical antimicrobial agent (often as part of the gramicidin complex in combination with other antibiotics), research has explored its potential as an anticancer therapeutic. Specifically, preclinical studies have demonstrated that gramicidin A can induce energy depletion and apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells, regardless of histological subtype or genetic markers like VHL expression.

Other names

Gramicidin A1Gramicidin A2