granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor + cadonilimab

This is a combination therapy consisting of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and cadonilimab. GM-CSF is a cytokine that stimulates the production and function of granulocytes and macrophages, enhancing immune responses. Cadonilimab (also known as AK104) is a first-in-class humanized tetravalent bispecific antibody targeting both programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4). Cadonilimab blocks the immunosuppressive signaling pathways mediated by PD-1/PD-L1, PD-1/PD-L2, CTLA-4/B7.1, and CTLA-4/B7.2 interactions, thereby promoting tumor-specific T-cell immunity while minimizing Fc-mediated toxicity due to its Fc-null design[2][5][7]. The combination aims to synergistically enhance anti-tumor immune responses by both activating myeloid cells via GM-CSF and relieving T-cell inhibition via dual checkpoint blockade with cadonilimab.

Brand names

Kaitani

Other names

granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor + cadumilimabGM-CSF + cadonilimabsargramostim + cadonilimabGM-CSF + AK104