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green apple
- Development stage
- Preclinical
- Modality
- Small Molecules
- Administration
- Inhalation
01
Overview
Green apple refers to a chemical flavorant used in electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). It has been studied for its acute reinforcing effects and its ability to enhance nicotine reward and reinforcement in smokers. Research indicates that green apple flavorants can alter neurobiology, specifically by modulating nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and affecting dopamine transmission in reward-mediating brain areas. These flavorants may also promote vaping-related behaviors independently of nicotine. Additionally, its vapor extract has been investigated for its impact on oral squamous cell carcinoma progression.
02
Targets
α4β2 nAChR (Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha4 beta2 subtype)
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